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Male vs. Female Brain Differences & How They Arise From Genes & Hormones | Dr. Nirao Shah

Huberman Lab

The Huberman Lab podcast is hosted by Andrew Huberman, Ph.D., a neuroscientist and tenured professor in the department of neurobiology, and by courtesy, psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. The podcast discusses neuroscience and science-based tools, including how our brain and its connections with the organs of our body control our perceptions, our behaviors, and our health, as well as existing and emerging tools for measuring and changing how our nervous system works.
Huberman has made numerous significant contributions to the fields of brain development, brain function, and neural plasticity, which is the ability of our nervous system to rewire and learn new behaviors, skills, and cognitive functioning. He is a McKnight Foundation and Pew Foundation Fellow and was awarded the Cogan Award, given to the scientist making the most significant discoveries in the study of vision, in 2017. 
Work from the Huberman Laboratory at Stanford School of Medicine has been published in top journals, including Nature, Science, and Cell, and has been featured in TIME, BBC, Scientific American, Discover, and other top media outlets.
In 2021, Dr. Huberman launched the Huberman Lab podcast. The podcast is frequently ranked in the top 10 of all podcasts globally and is often ranked #1 in the categories of Science, Education, and Health & Fitness.

My guest is Dr. Nirao Shah, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry, behavioral sciences and neurobiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss how the brains of males and females differ and how those differences arise from different genes and hormones during fetal development, in childhood and adulthood. We discuss what drives male- versus female-specific behaviors and how hormonal fluctuations across the lifespan, including puberty, the menstrual cycle, menopause and aging – affect behavior, cognition and health. Additionally, we discuss how biology relates to gender identity and the impact of hormone therapies on brain circuits that regulate mating, parenting and social bonding. 

Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

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Timestamps

00:00:00 Nirao Shah

00:02:11 Mice, Humans & Brain, Biological Conservation

00:05:25 Hormones, Nature vs Nurture

00:07:13 Biological Sex Differences, Chromosomes & SRY Gene, Hormones 

00:16:01 Sponsors: Maui Nui & Eight Sleep

00:19:09 Androgen Mutations, Feminization & Masculinization 

00:22:04 SRY Gene; Animals & Sexual Trans-Differentiation

00:27:49 Hormones & Biological Brain Differentiation 

00:31:22 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Androstenedione; Stress & Pregnancy

00:35:56 Genes, Brain Differentiation & Sexual Identity; Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

00:43:37 Testosterone, Estrogen & Brain Circuits

00:47:27 Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT

00:50:36 Intersex Individuals, Castration

00:52:23 Female Sexual Behavior, Brain, Testosterone & Pheromones

00:57:58 Identify as Heterosexual or Homosexual, Difference in Hormone Levels?

01:00:42 Gender, Sexual Orientation & Hormones; Hormone Replacement Therapy

01:10:21 Aromatization; Steroid Hormones & Gene Expression

01:15:00 Kids & Changing Gender Identity

01:19:05 Sexual Behavior, Refractory Period & Male Brain, Tacr1 Cells

01:21:31 Sponsor: Function

01:23:19 Hypothalamus, Dopamine, Prolactin, Cabergoline, Libido, Dopamine

01:27:05 Brain Circuits, Aggression & Sexual Behavior

01:32:40 Refractory Period; Age, Testosterone & Libido

01:36:07 Tacr1 Cells in Females, Periaqueductal Gray & Innate Behaviors

01:40:00 Parenting Behaviors & Brain Circuits; Pet Dogs

01:43:12 Oxytocin, Pair Bonding, Vasopressin; Biological Redundancy 

01:47:22 Libido, Melanocortin, Tacr1 Neurons; GLP-1 Agonists, Clinical Trials; Kisspeptin

01:56:43 Female Brain Changes, Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Menopause; Estrogen; Men & Hormone Fluctuation?

02:04:10 Life Experience Male vs Female, Sex Recognition, Behaviors & Context

02:16:05 Pain Management; Endocrine Disrupters, Gender Identity

02:21:03 Future Projects

02:24:29 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

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