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How Meditation Works & Science-Based Effective Meditations

Huberman Lab

The Huberman Lab podcast is hosted by Andrew Huberman, Ph.D., a neuroscientist and tenured professor in the department of neurobiology, and by courtesy, psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. The podcast discusses neuroscience and science-based tools, including how our brain and its connections with the organs of our body control our perceptions, our behaviors, and our health, as well as existing and emerging tools for measuring and changing how our nervous system works.
Huberman has made numerous significant contributions to the fields of brain development, brain function, and neural plasticity, which is the ability of our nervous system to rewire and learn new behaviors, skills, and cognitive functioning. He is a McKnight Foundation and Pew Foundation Fellow and was awarded the Cogan Award, given to the scientist making the most significant discoveries in the study of vision, in 2017. 
Work from the Huberman Laboratory at Stanford School of Medicine has been published in top journals, including Nature, Science, and Cell, and has been featured in TIME, BBC, Scientific American, Discover, and other top media outlets.
In 2021, Dr. Huberman launched the Huberman Lab podcast. The podcast is frequently ranked in the top 10 of all podcasts globally and is often ranked #1 in the categories of Science, Education, and Health & Fitness.

In this episode, I discuss the biological mechanisms of the state changes that occur during different types of meditation and describe how to develop the meditation practice optimal for you. I explain key meditation principles, such as using specific breathwork patterns and adjusting your perception to specific locations along the continuum between interoception, exteroception and dissociation. I discuss how meditation practices lead to long-term trait changes and neuroplasticity, including changing your default mood, reducing baseline anxiety/depression, increasing your ability to focus, enhancing relaxation, improving sleep, and increasing your overall happiness level. I also explain the concept behind the “third-eye center,” what mindfulness is from a biological standpoint, the power of ultra-brief meditations and how to select the best meditation and time and duration to meditate to meet your need. I also explain a novel open-eyed perception-based meditation that may enhance focus, relaxation and task-switching ability. Whether you are a novice or an experienced meditator or simply interested in how our brain controls different aspects of conscious awareness and self-regulation, this episode should interest you.
For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Thank you to our sponsors
AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman
Supplements from Momentous
https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman
Timestamps
(00:00:00) Meditation
(00:04:48) Sponsor: LMNT
(00:08:25) Brief History of Meditation: Consciousness, Psychedelics, fMRI
(00:16:19) How the Brain Interprets the Body & Surrounding Environment; Mindfulness
(00:26:07) Neuroscience of Meditation; Perceptual Spotlights
(00:31:58) Sponsor: AG1
(00:33:41) Interoception vs. Exteroception
(00:42:20) Default Mode Network, Continuum of Interoception & Exteroception
(00:53:30) Tools: Interoceptive or Exteroceptive Bias, Meditation Challenge
(01:01:48) State & Trait Changes, Interoceptive & Exteroceptive Meditations, Refocusing
(01:07:35) Tool: Brief Meditations, Waking Up App
(01:10:30) “Third Eye Center” & Wandering Thoughts
(01:20:46) Meditation: Practice Types, Focal Points & Consistency
(01:24:10) Breathwork: Cyclic Hyperventilation, Box Breathing & Interoception
(01:30:41) Tool: Meditation Breathwork, Cyclic vs. Complex Breathwork
(01:39:22) Interoception vs. Dissociation, Trauma
(01:47:43) Model of Interoception & Dissociation Continuum
(01:53:39) Meditation & Dissociation: Mood, Bias & Corresponding Challenge
(02:00:18) Meditation & Sleep: Yoga Nidra, Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR)
(02:11:33) Choosing a Meditative Practice; Hypnosis
(02:14:53) Tool: Space-Time Bridging (STB)
(02:25:00) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Social Media
Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac
Disclaimer

In this episode, I discuss the biological mechanisms of the state changes that occur during different types of meditation and describe how to develop the meditation practice optimal for you. I explain key meditation principles, such as using specific breathwork patterns and adjusting your perception to specific locations along the continuum between interoception, exteroception and dissociation. I discuss how meditation practices lead to long-term trait changes and neuroplasticity, including changing your default mood, reducing baseline anxiety/depression, increasing your ability to focus, enhancing relaxation, improving sleep, and increasing your overall happiness level. I also explain the concept behind the “third-eye center,” what mindfulness is from a biological standpoint, the power of ultra-brief meditations and how to select the best meditation and time and duration to meditate to meet your need. I also explain a novel open-eyed perception-based meditation that may enhance focus, relaxation and task-switching ability. Whether you are a novice or an experienced meditator or simply interested in how our brain controls different aspects of conscious awareness and self-regulation, this episode should interest you.
For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab
Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman
Timestamps
(00:00:00) Meditation
(00:04:48) Sponsor: LMNT
(00:08:25) Brief History of Meditation: Consciousness, Psychedelics, fMRI
(00:16:19) How the Brain Interprets the Body & Surrounding Environment; Mindfulness
(00:26:07) Neuroscience of Meditation; Perceptual Spotlights
(00:31:58) Sponsor: AG1
(00:33:41) Interoception vs. Exteroception
(00:42:20) Default Mode Network, Continuum of Interoception & Exteroception
(00:53:30) Tools: Interoceptive or Exteroceptive Bias, Meditation Challenge
(01:01:48) State & Trait Changes, Interoceptive & Exteroceptive Meditations, Refocusing
(01:07:35) Tool: Brief Meditations, Waking Up App
(01:10:30) “Third Eye Center” & Wandering Thoughts
(01:20:46) Meditation: Practice Types, Focal Points & Consistency
(01:24:10) Breathwork: Cyclic Hyperventilation, Box Breathing & Interoception
(01:30:41) Tool: Meditation Breathwork, Cyclic vs. Complex Breathwork
(01:39:22) Interoception vs. Dissociation, Trauma
(01:47:43) Model of Interoception & Dissociation Continuum
(01:53:39) Meditation & Dissociation: Mood, Bias & Corresponding Challenge
(02:00:18) Meditation & Sleep: Yoga Nidra, Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR)
(02:11:33) Choosing a Meditative Practice; Hypnosis
(02:14:53) Tool: Space-Time Bridging (STB)
(02:25:00) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Social Media
Disclaimer
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