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Essentials: How Your Brain Functions & Interprets the World | Dr. David Berson

Huberman Lab

The Huberman Lab podcast is hosted by Andrew Huberman, Ph.D., a neuroscientist and tenured professor in the department of neurobiology, and by courtesy, psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. The podcast discusses neuroscience and science-based tools, including how our brain and its connections with the organs of our body control our perceptions, our behaviors, and our health, as well as existing and emerging tools for measuring and changing how our nervous system works.
Huberman has made numerous significant contributions to the fields of brain development, brain function, and neural plasticity, which is the ability of our nervous system to rewire and learn new behaviors, skills, and cognitive functioning. He is a McKnight Foundation and Pew Foundation Fellow and was awarded the Cogan Award, given to the scientist making the most significant discoveries in the study of vision, in 2017. 
Work from the Huberman Laboratory at Stanford School of Medicine has been published in top journals, including Nature, Science, and Cell, and has been featured in TIME, BBC, Scientific American, Discover, and other top media outlets.
In 2021, Dr. Huberman launched the Huberman Lab podcast. The podcast is frequently ranked in the top 10 of all podcasts globally and is often ranked #1 in the categories of Science, Education, and Health & Fitness.

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. David Berson, PhD, a professor of neuroscience at Brown University and an expert on the visual system and circadian biology.

We explore how the brain processes visual information, from photons entering the eye to conscious perception in the cortex. We discuss color vision, the discovery of melanopsin and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, and how light regulates our circadian clock and melatonin release. We also examine the vestibular system's role in balance and motion detection, the cerebellum's function in motor coordination, and the midbrain's integration of multiple sensory inputs. Finally, we discuss the basal ganglia's role in decision-making and an extraordinary case of neuroplasticity in visual cortex.

Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.

More Huberman Lab Essentials: https://hubermanlab.com/essentials

Thank you to our sponsors

AGZ: https://drinkagz.com/huberman

Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. David Berson

(00:00:30) Visual Perception, Photons & Retinal Processing, Ganglion Cells

(00:02:12) Color Vision, Wavelengths & Photoreceptors; Cones & Rods

(00:05:56) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1

(00:07:24) Melanopsin, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells & Brightness Detection

(00:08:31) Circadian Clock & Synchronization, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN); Master Clock Function

(00:11:16) Hypothalamus, Autonomic Nervous System & Hormonal Systems

(00:13:01) Tool: Light Exposure & Melatonin Regulation, Pineal Function

(00:14:35) Vestibular System, Balance & Motion Detection; Semicircular Canals

(00:16:44) Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, Image Stabilization & Head Rotation

(00:18:51) Sponsor: Function

(00:20:45) Motion Sickness, Visual-Vestibular Conflict; Tool: Avoiding Nausea

(00:22:24) Cerebellum, Motor Coordination & Learning

(00:23:17) Cerebellar Function, Precision & Timing of Movement; Cerebellar Ataxia

(00:24:54) Flocculus & Visual-Vestibular Integration

(00:25:56) Midbrain, Brainstem & Reflexive Behavior; Superior Colliculus

(00:28:26) Spatial Orientation & Multisensory Integration; Rattlesnake Heat Detection

(00:30:13) Sensory Integration & Corroboration

(00:31:13) Sponsor: LMNT

(00:32:45) Basal Ganglia, Go vs No-Go Behavior & Decision Making

(00:33:56) Tool: Impulse Control & Delayed Gratification, Marshmallow Test

(00:34:51) Individual Differences, Genetics & Experience

(00:35:37) Visual Cortex, Neural Processing & Brain Plasticity

(00:36:26) Cortical Reorganization, Braille Reading & Stroke Recovery

(00:39:15) David Berson's Work; Acknowledgements

Disclaimer & Disclosures
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