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How Your Brain’s Reward Circuits Drive Your Choices | Dr. Robert Malenka

Huberman Lab

The Huberman Lab podcast is hosted by Andrew Huberman, Ph.D., a neuroscientist and tenured professor in the department of neurobiology, and by courtesy, psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. The podcast discusses neuroscience and science-based tools, including how our brain and its connections with the organs of our body control our perceptions, our behaviors, and our health, as well as existing and emerging tools for measuring and changing how our nervous system works.
Huberman has made numerous significant contributions to the fields of brain development, brain function, and neural plasticity, which is the ability of our nervous system to rewire and learn new behaviors, skills, and cognitive functioning. He is a McKnight Foundation and Pew Foundation Fellow and was awarded the Cogan Award, given to the scientist making the most significant discoveries in the study of vision, in 2017. 
Work from the Huberman Laboratory at Stanford School of Medicine has been published in top journals, including Nature, Science, and Cell, and has been featured in TIME, BBC, Scientific American, Discover, and other top media outlets.
In 2021, Dr. Huberman launched the Huberman Lab podcast. The podcast is frequently ranked in the top 10 of all podcasts globally and is often ranked #1 in the categories of Science, Education, and Health & Fitness.

In this episode, my guest is Robert Malenka, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine who has made numerous seminal discoveries of how the brain changes (neuroplasticity) in response to learning and in response to rewarding and reinforcing experiences. We discuss the brain’s several reward systems involving dopamine and serotonin and how these motivate us to seek out specific behaviors and substances. We discuss how these reward systems are modified based on context and our memories, and how they can be hijacked toward maladaptive drug seeking in addiction. We also explore how reward systems influence social connections, oxytocin and empathy and how that applies to our understanding of autism spectrum disorders. This episode should be of interest to those interested in neuroplasticity, social bonding, addiction, autism, learning and motivation.
For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Thank you to our sponsors
AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://drinkag1.com/huberman
ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman 
Levels: https://levels.link/huberman 
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman 
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman
Supplements from Momentous
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Timestamps
(00:00:00) Dr. Robert Malenka
(00:02:37) Sponsors: ROKA & Levels
(00:05:21) Dopamine & Reward Circuitry
(00:11:31) Reward, Arousal, Memory & Dopamine 
(00:17:34) Context, Cues & Dopamine Modification
(00:25:38) Memory & Reward Scaling
(00:30:50) Dopamine, “Addictive Liability” & Route of Administration 
(00:39:07) Sponsor: AG1
(00:40:04) Drugs of Abuse & Brain Changes; Addiction & Individual Variability
(00:50:51) Reinforcement vs. Reward, Wanting vs. Liking
(00:57:500 Opioids, Psychostimulants & Dopamine
(01:03:38) Sponsor: LMNT
(01:04:51) Self-Doubt, Confidence & Career
(01:12:40) Autism Spectrum Disorder
(01:19:29) Pro-Social Interaction & Reward; Oxytocin, Serotonin & Dopamine
(01:30:30) Nucleus Accumbens & Behavior Probability
(01:38:28) Reward for Pro-Social Behavior
(01:43:13) Social Media & “Addictive Liability”; Gambling
(01:52:17) Pain, Social Behavior & Empathy
(02:02:19) Empathy Circuitry, Dopamine & Serotonin 
(02:10:07) Autism Spectrum Disorder & Social Interactions, Empathy
(02:17:23) MDMA, Serotonin & Dopamine; Addiction & Pro-Social Effects
(02:28:13) Autism Spectrum Disorder, Social Behavior, MDMA & Pharmacology
(02:37:18) Serotonin, MDMA & Psychedelics 
(02:40:16) Psychedelics: Research & Therapeutic Potential
(02:47:57) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter
Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac
Disclaimer

In this episode, my guest is Robert Malenka, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine who has made numerous seminal discoveries of how the brain changes (neuroplasticity) in response to learning and in response to rewarding and reinforcing experiences. We discuss the brain’s several reward systems involving dopamine and serotonin and how these motivate us to seek out specific behaviors and substances. We discuss how these reward systems are modified based on context and our memories, and how they can be hijacked toward maladaptive drug seeking in addiction. We also explore how reward systems influence social connections, oxytocin and empathy and how that applies to our understanding of autism spectrum disorders. This episode should be of interest to those interested in neuroplasticity, social bonding, addiction, autism, learning and motivation.
For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.
Use Ask Huberman Lab, our new AI-powered platform, for a summary, clips, and insights from this episode.
Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab
Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman
Timestamps
(00:00:00) Dr. Robert Malenka
(00:02:53) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up
(00:05:21) Dopamine & Reward Circuitry
(00:11:31) Reward, Arousal, Memory & Dopamine 
(00:17:34) Context, Cues & Dopamine Modification
(00:25:38) Memory & Reward Scaling
(00:30:50) Dopamine, “Addictive Liability” & Route of Administration 
(00:39:25) Sponsor: AG1 (Athletic Greens)
(00:40:40) Drugs of Abuse & Brain Changes; Addiction & Individual Variability
(00:50:51) Reinforcement vs. Reward, Wanting vs. Liking
(00:57:500 Opioids, Psychostimulants & Dopamine
(01:04:51) Self-Doubt, Confidence & Career
(01:12:40) Autism Spectrum Disorder
(01:19:29) Pro-Social Interaction & Reward; Oxytocin, Serotonin & Dopamine
(01:30:30) Nucleus Accumbens & Behavior Probability
(01:38:28) Reward for Pro-Social Behavior
(01:43:13) Social Media & “Addictive Liability”; Gambling
(01:52:17) Pain, Social Behavior & Empathy
(02:02:19) Empathy Circuitry, Dopamine & Serotonin 
(02:10:07) Autism Spectrum Disorder & Social Interactions, Empathy
(02:17:23) MDMA, Serotonin & Dopamine; Addiction & Pro-Social Effects
(02:28:13) Autism Spectrum Disorder, Social Behavior, MDMA & Pharmacology
(02:37:18) Serotonin, MDMA & Psychedelics 
(02:40:16) Psychedelics: Research & Therapeutic Potential
(02:47:57) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter
Disclaimer
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