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Adderall, Stimulants & Modafinil for ADHD: Short- & Long-Term Effects

Huberman Lab

The Huberman Lab podcast is hosted by Andrew Huberman, Ph.D., a neuroscientist and tenured professor in the department of neurobiology, and by courtesy, psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. The podcast discusses neuroscience and science-based tools, including how our brain and its connections with the organs of our body control our perceptions, our behaviors, and our health, as well as existing and emerging tools for measuring and changing how our nervous system works.
Huberman has made numerous significant contributions to the fields of brain development, brain function, and neural plasticity, which is the ability of our nervous system to rewire and learn new behaviors, skills, and cognitive functioning. He is a McKnight Foundation and Pew Foundation Fellow and was awarded the Cogan Award, given to the scientist making the most significant discoveries in the study of vision, in 2017. 
Work from the Huberman Laboratory at Stanford School of Medicine has been published in top journals, including Nature, Science, and Cell, and has been featured in TIME, BBC, Scientific American, Discover, and other top media outlets.
In 2021, Dr. Huberman launched the Huberman Lab podcast. The podcast is frequently ranked in the top 10 of all podcasts globally and is often ranked #1 in the categories of Science, Education, and Health & Fitness.

In this episode, I explain how medications such as Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse and other stimulants work to increase focus and treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). I explain the brain circuits involved in focus and the key roles dopamine and norepinephrine play in their regulation. Then I explain how stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse can increase focus and reduce hyperactivity in kids or adults with ADHD, and how and why Ritalin and other medications (e.g., Modafinil, Guanfacine) may work better for some. I explain the long-term effects of ADHD medications on height, cardiovascular health, hormones, predisposition to addiction and psychosis, and whether these treatments can be used and then stopped. I also discuss the immense individual variation in dosage sensitivity for these medications and the negative side-effects that occur from recreational use. This episode ought to benefit anyone with ADHD, their parents, those on ADHD medications or anyone curious about how these medications work.
For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Thank you to our sponsors
AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman
Waking Up: https://www.wakingup.com/huberman
Momentous: https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman
The Brain Body Contract
https://hubermanlab.com/tour
Timestamps
(00:00:00) Stimulants & Attention-Deficient/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
(00:03:38) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up
(00:06:35) The Brain-Body Contract
(00:07:22) Attention, Prefrontal Cortex & ADHD
(00:16:27) Stimulants “Sympathomimetics”
(00:21:29) Adderall, Dopamine & Norepinephrine
(00:25:58) Sympathomimetics, Dopamine & Norepinephrine
(00:27:21) Sponsor: AG1
(00:32:20) Vyvanse is Timed-Release D-Amp
(00:36:36) Ritalin, Concerta
(00:40:10) Dopamine & “Noise Reduction”; Norepinephrine & “Signal Amplification”
(00:45:28) ADHD: Focus, Hyperactivity & Impulsivity; Drug Selection & Dose
(00:50:57) How do Stimulants ‘Calm’ ADHD?
(00:54:480 Neuroplasticity & Neuromodulators
(00:58:06) Kids, ADHD Diagnosis & Treatment; Predispose Addiction?
(01:05:12) ADHD Medications: Individuality, Doses, Tapering & Long-Term Use
(01:13:28) Medication & Long-Term Effects: Height, Cardiovascular Risk, Alcohol
(01:19:32) Cortisol & Hormones
(01:27:45) Psychosis & Addiction; Methamphetamine
(01:38:20) Recreational Use, Addiction & Psychosis; Habituation
(01:42:30) Drug Holidays; Ritalin & Long-Term Effects
(01:45:35) Modafinil, Armodafinil; Side-Effects
(01:53:03) Guanfacine, Alcohol
(01:58:03) ADHD Medications
(02:00:26) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter
Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac
Disclaimer

In this episode, I explain how medications such as Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse and other stimulants work to increase focus and treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). I explain the brain circuits involved in focus and the key roles dopamine and norepinephrine play in their regulation. Then I explain how stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse can increase focus and reduce hyperactivity in kids or adults with ADHD, and how and why Ritalin and other medications (e.g., Modafinil, Guanfacine) may work better for some. I explain the long-term effects of ADHD medications on height, cardiovascular health, hormones, predisposition to addiction and psychosis, and whether these treatments can be used and then stopped. I also discuss the immense individual variation in dosage sensitivity for these medications and the negative side-effects that occur from recreational use. This episode ought to benefit anyone with ADHD, their parents, those on ADHD medications or anyone curious about how these medications work.
For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab
Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman
Timestamps
(00:00:00) Stimulants & Attention-Deficient/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
(00:03:38) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up
(00:06:35) The Brain-Body Contract
(00:07:22) Attention, Prefrontal Cortex & ADHD
(00:16:27) Stimulants “Sympathomimetics”
(00:21:29) Adderall, Dopamine & Norepinephrine
(00:25:58) Sympathomimetics, Dopamine & Norepinephrine
(00:27:21) Sponsor: AG1
(00:32:20) Vyvanse is Timed-Release D-Amp
(00:36:36) Ritalin, Concerta
(00:40:10) Dopamine & “Noise Reduction”; Norepinephrine & “Signal Amplification”
(00:45:28) ADHD: Focus, Hyperactivity & Impulsivity; Drug Selection & Dose
(00:50:57) How do Stimulants ‘Calm’ ADHD?
(00:54:480 Neuroplasticity & Neuromodulators
(00:58:06) Kids, ADHD Diagnosis & Treatment; Predispose Addiction?
(01:05:12) ADHD Medications: Individuality, Doses, Tapering & Long-Term Use
(01:13:28) Medication & Long-Term Effects: Height, Cardiovascular Risk, Alcohol
(01:19:32) Cortisol & Hormones
(01:27:45) Psychosis & Addiction; Methamphetamine
(01:38:20) Recreational Use, Addiction & Psychosis; Habituation
(01:42:30) Drug Holidays; Ritalin & Long-Term Effects
(01:45:35) Modafinil, Armodafinil; Side-Effects
(01:53:03) Guanfacine, Alcohol
(01:58:03) ADHD Medications
(02:00:26) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter
Disclaimer
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