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#485 – David Kirtley: Nuclear Fusion, Plasma Physics, and the Future of Energy

Lex Fridman Podcast

Conversations that explore technology, history, philosophy, physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry, engineering, AI, robotics, programming, music, film, art, sports, psychology, neuroscience, geopolitics, business, economics, religion, astronomy, and the human condition with people from all walks of life.

David Kirtley is a nuclear fusion engineer and CEO of Helion Energy, a company working on building the world's first commercial fusion power plant by 2028.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep485-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/david-kirtley-transcript

CONTACT LEX:
Feedback - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
AMA - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
Hiring - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:
David's X: https://x.com/dekirtley
David's LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4qX0KXp
Helion: https://www.helionenergy.com/
Helion's YouTube: https://youtube.com/HelionEnergy

SPONSORS:
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics.
Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex
Fin: AI agent for customer service.
Go to https://fin.ai/lex
Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform.
Go to https://miro.com/
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
Shopify: Sell stuff online.
Go to https://shopify.com/lex

OUTLINE:
(00:00) - Introduction
(03:00) - Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(11:35) - Nuclear fission vs fusion
(21:35) - Physics of E=mc^2
(26:50) - Is nuclear fusion safe?
(32:11) - Chernobyl
(38:38) - Geopolitics
(40:33) - Extreme scenarios
(47:28) - How nuclear fusion works
(1:20:20) - Extreme temperatures
(1:25:21) - Fusion control and simulation
(1:37:15) - Electricity from fusion
(2:11:20) - First fusion power plant in 2028
(2:18:13) - Energy needs of GPU clusters
(2:28:38) - Kardashev scale
(2:36:33) - Fermi Paradox

PODCAST LINKS:
- Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
- Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
- Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8
- RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
- Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
- Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

David Kirtley is a nuclear fusion engineer and CEO of Helion Energy, a company working on building the world’s first commercial fusion power plant by 2028. 
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: <a href="https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep485-sc">https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep485-sc</a> 
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
Transcript: 
<a href="https://lexfridman.com/david-kirtley-transcript">https://lexfridman.com/david-kirtley-transcript</a>
CONTACT LEX: 
Feedback – give feedback to Lex: <a href="https://lexfridman.com/survey">https://lexfridman.com/survey</a> 
AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: <a href="https://lexfridman.com/ama">https://lexfridman.com/ama</a> 
Hiring – join our team: <a href="https://lexfridman.com/hiring">https://lexfridman.com/hiring</a> 
Other – other ways to get in touch: <a href="https://lexfridman.com/contact">https://lexfridman.com/contact</a>
EPISODE LINKS: 
David’s X: <a href="https://x.com/dekirtley">https://x.com/dekirtley</a> 
David’s LinkedIn: <a href="https://bit.ly/4qX0KXp">https://bit.ly/4qX0KXp</a> 
Helion: <a href="https://www.helionenergy.com/">https://www.helionenergy.com/</a> 
Helion’s YouTube: <a href="https://youtube.com/HelionEnergy">https://youtube.com/HelionEnergy</a>
SPONSORS: 
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: 
UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. 
Go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/s/uplift_desk-ep485-sc">https://upliftdesk.com/lex</a> 
Fin: AI agent for customer service. 
Go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep485-sc">https://fin.ai/lex</a> 
Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. 
Go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/s/miro-ep485-sc">https://miro.com/</a> 
LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. 
Go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep485-sc">https://drinkLMNT.com/lex</a> 
BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. 
Go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep485-sc">https://betterhelp.com/lex</a> 
Shopify: Sell stuff online. 
Go to <a href="https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep485-sc">https://shopify.com/lex</a>
OUTLINE: 
(00:00) – Introduction 
(03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections 
(11:35) – Nuclear fission vs fusion 
(21:35) – Physics of E=mc^2 
(26:50) – Is nuclear fusion safe? 
(32:11) – Chernobyl 
(38:38) – Geopolitics 
(40:33) – Extreme scenarios 
(47:28) – How nuclear fusion works 
(1:20:20) – Extreme temperatures 
(1:25:21) – Fusion control and simulation 
(1:37:15) – Electricity from fusion 
(2:11:20) – First fusion power plant in 2028 
(2:18:13) – Energy needs of GPU clusters 
(2:28:38) – Kardashev scale 
(2:36:33) – Fermi Paradox
PODCAST LINKS: 
– Podcast Website: <a href="https://lexfridman.com/podcast">https://lexfridman.com/podcast</a> 
– Apple Podcasts: <a href="https://apple.co/2lwqZIr">https://apple.co/2lwqZIr</a> 
– Spotify: <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/1Jn8qgQHRdxkq6arqbzBvF">https://open.spotify.com/episode/1Jn8qgQHRdxkq6arqbzBvF</a> 
– RSS: <a href="https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/">https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/</a> 
– Podcast Playlist: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4</a> 
– Clips Channel: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/lexclips">https://www.youtube.com/lexclips</a>

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#485 – David Kirtley: Nuclear Fusion, Plasma Physics, and the Future of Energy

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